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NUTRITION



NUTRITION 


It is a science which explains nutrients and other substances in food which helps for maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. Healthy diet includes preparation of food and storage methods that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat or leaching, and that reduces risk of foodborne illness .

 

  • MODES OF NUTRITION 

  1. Autotropic nutrition 
  2. Heterotropic nutrition 

 

1]  AUTOTROPIC NUTRITION 

Organisms use simple inorganic matters like water and carbon dioxide in the presence of light and chlorophyll to synthesize food on their own. Such organisms are called autotrophs. Plants, algae, and bacteria (cyanobacteria) are some examples where autotrophic nutrition is observed. 


2] HETEROTROPIC NUTRITION

The organisms which cannot produce food on their own and depend on other sources/organisms are called heterotrophs. Fungi and all the animals including humans are heterotrophs. 

Heterotrophs are classified into different categories based on their mode of nutrition. 

They are: 

  • Parasites (e.g. leeches, ticks) 

  • Saprophytes (e.g. mushrooms) 

  • Holozoic (e.g. humans, dogs) 

 

  • TYPES OF NUTRIENTS 

It includes both . Organic and inorganic compounds. 

Organic compounds includes carbohydrates , fats , proteins  and vitamins ,  

Inorganic includes mineral and water.



Depending on quantity of nutrients in food , it is divided in two categories.

  1] Macronutrients 

  2] Micronutrients 



1] MACRONUTRIENTS

Those nutrients which are consumed in large amounts.  

Carbohydrates ( sugar), lipids( fats) , proteins are macronutrients. They are main source of energy to organism. 

 

2] MICRONUTRIENTS

Those nutrients which consumed in less amount. 

Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients. Lack of micronutrients may lead to stunted growth and various diseases in adulthood. 





REFERENCES


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition#Bibliography 

https://byjus.com/biology/nutrition-modes-living-organisms/ 

https://thefactfactor.com/facts/pure_science/biology/human-biology/nutrition/4443/ 



 

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